Use of generic medicines by the Brazilian population: an evaluation of PNAUM 2014
نویسندگان
چکیده
OBJECTIVE To analyze the existence of differences in the use of generic medicines in Brazil according to demographic and socioeconomic variables and acquisition sources of the medicines. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines). Data collection took place between September, 2013 and February, 2014 in homes of Brazilian cities (urban area). The use of medicines has been investigated in relation to the treatment of chronic diseases and, in the case of acute events, regarding use over the previous 15 days. Generics were identified by visualization of packaging presented by the users of the medicines. The independent variables used were sex, age, education level, economic class, and region of the Country. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was evaluated by Pearson's Chi-squared test, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS The prevalence of generic medicines use was 45.5% (95%CI 43.7-47.3). There was no difference considering education level. The prevalence was higher in females (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9-49.0) than in males (43.1%; 95%CI 40.5-45.8), and were higher with increasing age. Generic medicines were more used in the economic class C (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9-49.1) and in the South (50.6%; 95%CI 46.6-54.6) and Southeast (49.9%; 95%CI 46.8-53.0) regions. Generics accounted for 37.3% of the medicines provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is a choice of purchase or free provision by the Brazilian Unified Health System, characterized by quality assurance and reduced price regarding branded medicines considered as reference. In the private market, a considerable part of the population is choosing generic medicines thanks to the availability of this option for virtually all medicines most used by the population. OBJETIVO Analisar se há diferença no uso de medicamentos genéricos no Brasil segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e fontes de obtenção dos medicamentos. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal de base populacional, conduzido com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM), com coleta de dados entre setembro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014 em residências de municípios brasileiros urbanos. O uso dos medicamentos foi investigado em relação ao tratamento de doenças crônicas e, no caso de eventos agudos, quanto ao uso nos últimos 15 dias. Os genéricos foram identificados por visualização das embalagens apresentadas pelos usuários dos medicamentos. As variáveis independentes utilizadas foram sexo, idade, escolaridade, classe econômica e região do País. A avaliação da significância estatística das diferenças entre os grupos foi analisada pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS A prevalência de uso de genéricos foi de 45,5% (IC95% 43,7-47,3). Não houve diferença por escolaridade, as prevalências foram maiores no sexo feminino (47,0%; IC95% 44,9-49,0) em relação ao masculino (43,1%; IC95% 40,5-45,8) e foram crescentes com o aumento da idade. Maiores usos de genéricos foram encontrados na classe econômica C (47,0%; IC95% 44,9-49,1) e nas regiões Sul (50,6%; IC95% 46,6-54,6) e Sudeste (49,9%; IC95% 46,8-53,0). Observou-se ainda que os genéricos representaram 37,3% dos medicamentos disponibilizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde . CONCLUSÕES Pode-se concluir que hoje existe uma alternativa de compra ou fornecimento gratuito pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, caracterizada por garantia de qualidade e preço reduzido em relação aos medicamentos de marca comercial considerados como referência. No mercado privado, boa parte da população está optando pelo uso de medicamentos genéricos, graças à disponibilidade dessa opção para praticamente todos os medicamentos mais utilizados pela população.
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